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moving downwards

  • 1 प्रत्यववरोहिन्


    praty-avavarohin
    mfn. descending, moving downwards Br. Lāṭy. ;

    moving orﾠ rising from a seat ( a-pratyav-) KātyṠr. ;
    ( iṇī) f. N. of a partic. litany TāṇḍBr.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रत्यववरोहिन्

  • 2 defluus

    dēflŭus, a, um, adj. [defluo], flowing down; or transf., moving downwards, going or falling down (post-Aug.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    gradus,

    Stat. Th. 9, 325: caesaries, long and flowing, Prud. steph. 13, 30:

    splendor ab alto,

    Stat. S. 1, 3, 53.—
    II.
    Esp.:

    vasculum (in which a liquid runs down),

    a water-clock, App. M. 3, p. 130, 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > defluus

  • 3 שיפולא

    שִׁיפּוּלָא, שִׁפּ׳ch. sam(שיפול, שפ׳ the lower part of the abdomen), 1) extremity, bottom, train. Targ. Cant. 1:4 בש׳ דטורא at the foot of the mountain.Pl. שִׁיפּוּלִין, שִׁיפּוּלֵי, שִׁפּ׳. Targ. O. Ex. 19:17 (ed. Vien. שִׁפֹּו׳; h. text תחתית). Targ. Y. Num. 5:17 (O. יסודי; h. text קרקע). Targ. Lam. 1:9. Targ. Ex. 28:33 (O. ed. Vien. שִׁיפֹּו׳; a. fr.Snh.102b הוה נקיטת בש׳ גלימאוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. הות נקיטנא, read נקיט; Rashi הות נקיט ש׳ ג׳; Ar. only שיפולא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) thou wouldst have taken up the trail of thy cloak and run after me. 2) the seat of a tree in the ground. B. Bath.37b; Arakh.14b, v. שִׁיפּוּדָא. 3) moving downwards (sailing with the wind). B. Bath.73b, v. שֵׁיצָא.

    Jewish literature > שיפולא

  • 4 שפ׳

    שִׁיפּוּלָא, שִׁפּ׳ch. sam(שיפול, שפ׳ the lower part of the abdomen), 1) extremity, bottom, train. Targ. Cant. 1:4 בש׳ דטורא at the foot of the mountain.Pl. שִׁיפּוּלִין, שִׁיפּוּלֵי, שִׁפּ׳. Targ. O. Ex. 19:17 (ed. Vien. שִׁפֹּו׳; h. text תחתית). Targ. Y. Num. 5:17 (O. יסודי; h. text קרקע). Targ. Lam. 1:9. Targ. Ex. 28:33 (O. ed. Vien. שִׁיפֹּו׳; a. fr.Snh.102b הוה נקיטת בש׳ גלימאוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. הות נקיטנא, read נקיט; Rashi הות נקיט ש׳ ג׳; Ar. only שיפולא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) thou wouldst have taken up the trail of thy cloak and run after me. 2) the seat of a tree in the ground. B. Bath.37b; Arakh.14b, v. שִׁיפּוּדָא. 3) moving downwards (sailing with the wind). B. Bath.73b, v. שֵׁיצָא.

    Jewish literature > שפ׳

  • 5 שִׁיפּוּלָא

    שִׁיפּוּלָא, שִׁפּ׳ch. sam(שיפול, שפ׳ the lower part of the abdomen), 1) extremity, bottom, train. Targ. Cant. 1:4 בש׳ דטורא at the foot of the mountain.Pl. שִׁיפּוּלִין, שִׁיפּוּלֵי, שִׁפּ׳. Targ. O. Ex. 19:17 (ed. Vien. שִׁפֹּו׳; h. text תחתית). Targ. Y. Num. 5:17 (O. יסודי; h. text קרקע). Targ. Lam. 1:9. Targ. Ex. 28:33 (O. ed. Vien. שִׁיפֹּו׳; a. fr.Snh.102b הוה נקיטת בש׳ גלימאוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. הות נקיטנא, read נקיט; Rashi הות נקיט ש׳ ג׳; Ar. only שיפולא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) thou wouldst have taken up the trail of thy cloak and run after me. 2) the seat of a tree in the ground. B. Bath.37b; Arakh.14b, v. שִׁיפּוּדָא. 3) moving downwards (sailing with the wind). B. Bath.73b, v. שֵׁיצָא.

    Jewish literature > שִׁיפּוּלָא

  • 6 שִׁפּ׳

    שִׁיפּוּלָא, שִׁפּ׳ch. sam(שיפול, שפ׳ the lower part of the abdomen), 1) extremity, bottom, train. Targ. Cant. 1:4 בש׳ דטורא at the foot of the mountain.Pl. שִׁיפּוּלִין, שִׁיפּוּלֵי, שִׁפּ׳. Targ. O. Ex. 19:17 (ed. Vien. שִׁפֹּו׳; h. text תחתית). Targ. Y. Num. 5:17 (O. יסודי; h. text קרקע). Targ. Lam. 1:9. Targ. Ex. 28:33 (O. ed. Vien. שִׁיפֹּו׳; a. fr.Snh.102b הוה נקיטת בש׳ גלימאוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. הות נקיטנא, read נקיט; Rashi הות נקיט ש׳ ג׳; Ar. only שיפולא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) thou wouldst have taken up the trail of thy cloak and run after me. 2) the seat of a tree in the ground. B. Bath.37b; Arakh.14b, v. שִׁיפּוּדָא. 3) moving downwards (sailing with the wind). B. Bath.73b, v. שֵׁיצָא.

    Jewish literature > שִׁפּ׳

  • 7 hacia

    prep.
    1 toward.
    hacia aquí/allí this/that way
    hacia abajo downwards
    hacia arriba upward
    hacia atrás backward
    hacia la izquierda/derecha to the left/right
    2 around, about (time).
    hacia las diez around o about ten o'clock
    empezó a perder la vista hacia los sesenta años he started to lose his sight at around the age of sixty
    hacia finales de año toward the end of the year
    Hacia la medianoche.. Around midnight....
    3 toward (sentimiento).
    siente hostilidad hacia las reformas he is hostile toward the reforms
    4 toward (tendencia).
    un paso más hacia la guerra civil a further step toward civil war
    * * *
    1 (dirección) towards, to
    2 (tiempo) at about, at around
    \
    hacia abajo downward(s), down
    hacia acá this way
    hacia adelante forward(s)
    hacia allá that way
    hacia atrás backward(s), back
    hacia casa home, homeward, towards home
    * * *
    prep.
    1) towards, toward
    2) near, about
    •
    - hacia adelante
    * * *
    PREP
    1) [indicando dirección] towards, in the direction of

    eso está más hacia el este — that's further (over) to the east, that's more in an easterly direction

    vamos hacia allá — let's go in that direction, let's go over that way

    ¿hacia dónde vamos? — where are we going?

    hacia abajo — down, downwards

    hacia arriba — up, upwards

    2) [con expresiones temporales] about, near

    hacia las cinco — about five, around five

    hacia mediodía — about noon, around noon

    3) (=ante) towards
    * * *
    a) ( indicando dirección) toward, towards
    [el inglés norteamericano prefiere la forma toward mientras que el inglés británico prefiere la forma towards]

    hacia el sur — southward(s), toward(s) the south

    ¿hacia dónde tenemos que ir? — which way do we have to go?

    empujar hacia arriba/atrás — to push upward(s)/backward(s)

    b) ( indicando aproximación) toward(s)
    c) ( con respecto a) toward(s)
    * * *
    = in the direction of, into, toward(s).
    Ex. Efforts are being made in the direction of an international consensus on the definition and treatment of corporate authorship.
    Ex. And thirdly and most importantly, I am concerned about some movements which I think symptomatize ideological deterioration and would have us, as someone put it, march boldly backwards into the future.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    ----
    * dar un paso hacia delante = step up.
    * de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.
    * de miras hacia el exterior = outward looking.
    * de miras hacia fuera = outwardly.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for a long time.
    * desplazar hacia la derecha = inset.
    * desplazarse hacia arriba = move up.
    * desplazarse hacia atrás = draw back, move + backwards.
    * directamente hacia el este = due east.
    * directamente hacia el norte = due north.
    * directamente hacia el oeste = due west.
    * directamente hacia el sur = due south.
    * enumerar hacia atrás = list + backwards.
    * enumerar hacia delante = list + forwards.
    * hacia abajo = downward.
    * hacia adelante = onward(s), straight ahead, straight on.
    * hacia adelante y hacia atrás = to and fro.
    * hacia arriba = upwards, upward.
    * hacia arriba y hacia abajo = up and down, up and down.
    * hacia atrás = backwards, backward(s).
    * hacia dentro = inward.
    * ¿hacia dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿hacia dónde va(n)...? = whither?, whither?.
    * hacia el centro de la ciudad = townward.
    * hacia el este = eastward(s), eastbound.
    * hacia el frente = ahead.
    * hacia el futuro = onward(s).
    * hacia el interior y el exterior de = in and out of.
    * hacia el norte = northbound.
    * hacia el oeste = westward(s), westbound.
    * hacia el sur = southward(s), southbound.
    * hacia finales del + Siglo = later + Siglo, the.
    * hacia fuera = outwards.
    * hacia la izquierda = leftwards, leftward.
    * hacia la proa = abaft.
    * hacia proa = abaft.
    * hacia un lado(s) = sideways.
    * inclinarse hacia delante = tip forward.
    * mirando hacia atrás = in retrospect.
    * moverse hacia atrás y hacia delante = move back and forth, move back and forth.
    * tambalearse hacia delante y hacia atrás = wobble back and forth, wobble back and forth.
    * tecla de desplazamiento hacia abajo = ↓ (Down) key, down arrow key.
    * tecla de desplazamiento hacia arriba = ↑ (up) key, up arrow key.
    * viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo = travel back in + time.
    * * *
    a) ( indicando dirección) toward, towards
    [el inglés norteamericano prefiere la forma toward mientras que el inglés británico prefiere la forma towards]

    hacia el sur — southward(s), toward(s) the south

    ¿hacia dónde tenemos que ir? — which way do we have to go?

    empujar hacia arriba/atrás — to push upward(s)/backward(s)

    b) ( indicando aproximación) toward(s)
    c) ( con respecto a) toward(s)
    * * *
    = in the direction of, into, toward(s).

    Ex: Efforts are being made in the direction of an international consensus on the definition and treatment of corporate authorship.

    Ex: And thirdly and most importantly, I am concerned about some movements which I think symptomatize ideological deterioration and would have us, as someone put it, march boldly backwards into the future.
    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    * dar un paso hacia delante = step up.
    * de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.
    * de miras hacia el exterior = outward looking.
    * de miras hacia fuera = outwardly.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for a long time.
    * desplazar hacia la derecha = inset.
    * desplazarse hacia arriba = move up.
    * desplazarse hacia atrás = draw back, move + backwards.
    * directamente hacia el este = due east.
    * directamente hacia el norte = due north.
    * directamente hacia el oeste = due west.
    * directamente hacia el sur = due south.
    * enumerar hacia atrás = list + backwards.
    * enumerar hacia delante = list + forwards.
    * hacia abajo = downward.
    * hacia adelante = onward(s), straight ahead, straight on.
    * hacia adelante y hacia atrás = to and fro.
    * hacia arriba = upwards, upward.
    * hacia arriba y hacia abajo = up and down, up and down.
    * hacia atrás = backwards, backward(s).
    * hacia dentro = inward.
    * ¿hacia dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿hacia dónde va(n)...? = whither?, whither?.
    * hacia el centro de la ciudad = townward.
    * hacia el este = eastward(s), eastbound.
    * hacia el frente = ahead.
    * hacia el futuro = onward(s).
    * hacia el interior y el exterior de = in and out of.
    * hacia el norte = northbound.
    * hacia el oeste = westward(s), westbound.
    * hacia el sur = southward(s), southbound.
    * hacia finales del + Siglo = later + Siglo, the.
    * hacia fuera = outwards.
    * hacia la izquierda = leftwards, leftward.
    * hacia la proa = abaft.
    * hacia proa = abaft.
    * hacia un lado(s) = sideways.
    * inclinarse hacia delante = tip forward.
    * mirando hacia atrás = in retrospect.
    * moverse hacia atrás y hacia delante = move back and forth, move back and forth.
    * tambalearse hacia delante y hacia atrás = wobble back and forth, wobble back and forth.
    * tecla de desplazamiento hacia abajo = ↓ (Down) key, down arrow key.
    * tecla de desplazamiento hacia arriba = ↑ (up) key, up arrow key.
    * viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo = travel back in + time.

    * * *
    1
    ,
    etc] se dirigían hacia el sur they were heading south o southward(s) o toward(s) the south
    la puerta se abre hacia adentro the door opens inward(s)
    el país avanza hacia la democracia the country is moving toward(s) democracy
    la fuga de capitales hacia el exterior the flight of capital abroad
    el centro queda hacia allá the center is (over) that way
    ¿hacia dónde tenemos que ir? which way do we have to go?
    un movimiento hacia arriba/atrás an upward/backward movement
    empujar hacia arriba/atrás to push upward(s)/backward(s)
    2
    (indicando aproximación) toward(s) [ ver nota en la sección a] hacia finales de siglo/el final del primer acto toward(s) the end of the century/of the first act
    hacia el límite con el Brasil toward(s) the Brazilian border
    llegaremos hacia las dos we'll arrive (at) about two
    esto sucedió hacia las nueve de la mañana this occurred at approximately o toward(s) nine in the morning
    3 (con respecto a) toward(s)
    su actitud hacia mí his attitude toward(s) o to me
    * * *

     

    Del verbo hacer: ( conjugate hacer)

    hacía es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) imperfecto indicativo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperfecto indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    hacer    
    hacia
    hacer ( conjugate hacer) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ( crear) ‹mueble/vestido› to make;

    ‹casa/carretera› to build;
    ‹ nido› to build, make;
    ‹ túnel› to make, dig;
    ‹dibujo/plano› to do, draw;
    ‹ lista› to make, draw up;
    ‹ resumen› to do, make;
    ‹ película› to make;
    ‹nudo/lazo› to tie;
    ‹pan/pastel› to make, bake;
    ‹vino/café/tortilla› to make;
    ‹ cerveza› to make, brew;

    hacen buena pareja they make a lovely couple
    b) (producir, causar) ‹ ruido› to make;


    estos zapatos me hacen daño these shoes hurt my feet
    2
    a) (efectuar, llevar a cabo) ‹ sacrificio› to make;

    ‹ milagro› to work, perform;
    ‹deberes/ejercicios/limpieza› to do;
    ‹ mandado› to run;
    ‹transacción/investigación› to carry out;
    ‹ experimento› to do, perform;
    ‹ entrevista› to conduct;
    ‹gira/viaje› to do;
    ‹ regalo› to give;
    ‹ favor› to do;
    ‹ trato› to make;

    aún queda mucho por hacia there is still a lot (left) to do;
    dar que hacia to make a lot of work
    b) ‹cheque/factura› to make out, write out

    3 (formular, expresar) ‹declaración/promesa/oferta› to make;
    ‹proyecto/plan› to make, draw up;
    ‹crítica/comentario› to make, voice;
    ‹ pregunta› to ask;

    4

    ◊ hacia caca (fam) to do a poop (AmE) o (BrE) a pooh (colloq);

    hacia pis or pipí (fam) to have a pee (colloq);
    hacia sus necesidades (euf) to go to the bathroom o toilet (euph)

    ◊ las vacas hacen `mu' cows go `moo'

    5 ( adquirir) ‹dinero/fortuna› to make;
    ‹ amigo› to make
    6 (preparar, arreglar) ‹ cama› to make;
    ‹ maleta› to pack;
    ◊ hice el pescado al horno I did o cooked the fish in the oven;

    tengo que hacia la comida I must make lunch;
    ver tb comida b
    7 ( recorrer) ‹trayecto/distancia› to do, cover
    8 (en cálculos, enumeraciones):
    ◊ son 180 … y 320 hacen 500 that's 180 … and 320 is o makes 500

    1


    ¿hacemos algo esta noche? shall we do something tonight?;
    hacia ejercicio to do (some) exercise;
    ¿hace algún deporte? do you play o do any sports?;
    See Also→ amor 1b
    b) (como profesión, ocupación) to do;

    ◊ ¿qué hace tu padre? what does your father do?


    2 (realizar cierta acción, actuar de cierta manera) to do;
    ◊ ¡eso no se hace! you shouldn't do that!;

    ¡qué le vamos a hacia! what can you o (frml) one do?;
    toca bien el piano — antes lo hacía mejor she plays the piano well — she used to play better;
    haciala buena (fam): ¡ahora sí que la hice! now I've really done it!;
    See Also→ tonto sustantivo masculino, femenino
    1 (transformar en, volver) to make;

    hizo pedazos la carta she tore the letter into tiny pieces;
    ese vestido te hace más delgada that dress makes you look thinner;
    hacia algo de algo to turn sth into sth;
    quiero hacia de ti un gran actor I want to make a great actor of you
    2
    a) (obligar a, ser causa de que)


    me hizo abrirla he made me open it;
    me hizo llorar it made me cry;
    hágalo pasar tell him to come in;
    me hizo esperar tres horas she kept me waiting for three hours;
    hacia que algo/algn haga algo to make sth/sb do sth
    b)

    ◊ hacer hacer algo to have o get sth done/made;

    hice acortar las cortinas I had o got the curtains shortened
    verbo intransitivo
    1 (obrar, actuar):
    ◊ déjame hacia a mí just let me handle this o take care of this;

    ¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? what do you have to do to get the scholarship?;
    hiciste bien en decírmelo you did o were right to tell me;
    haces mal en mentir it's wrong of you to lie
    2 (fingir, simular):

    haz como si no lo conocieras act as if o pretend you don't know him
    3 ( servir):
    ◊ esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning;

    la escuela hizo de hospital the school served as o was used as a hospital
    4 ( interpretar personaje) hacia de algo/algn to play (the part of) sth/sb
    (+ compl) ( sentar):


    (+ me/te/le etc)

    la trucha me hizo mal (AmL) the trout didn't agree with me
    hacia v impers
    1 ( refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico):
    ◊ hace frío/sol it's cold/sunny;

    hace tres grados it's three degrees;
    (nos) hizo un tiempo espantoso the weather was terrible
    2 ( expresando tiempo transcurrido):

    hace mucho que lo conozco I've known him for a long time;
    hacía años que no lo veía I hadn't seen him for o in years;
    ¿cuánto hace que se fue? how long ago did she leave?;
    hace poco/un año a short time/a year ago;
    hasta hace poco until recently
    hacerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( producirse) (+ me/te/le etc):

    se le hizo una ampolla she got a blister;
    hacérsele algo a algn (Méx): por fin se le hizo ganar el premio she finally got to win the award
    2
    a) ( refl) ( hacer para sí) ‹café/falda› to make oneself;




    se hizo la cirugía estética she had plastic surgery
    3 ( causarse):
    ◊ ¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? what did you do to your arm?;

    ¿te hiciste daño? did you hurt yourself?
    4 ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas):
    ◊ todavía se hace pis/caca (fam) she still wets/messes herself

    5 ( refl) ( adquirir) to make;

    1
    a) (volverse, convertirse en) to become;


    se están haciendo viejos they are getting o growing old
    b) ( resultar):



    (+ me/te/le etc)

    se me hace difícil creerlo I find it very hard to believe
    c) ( impers):


    se está haciendo tarde it's getting late
    d) ( cocinarse) [pescado/guiso] to cook

    e) (AmL) ( pasarle a):

    ◊ ¿qué se habrá hecho María? what can have happened to María?

    2 ( acostumbrarse) haciase a algo to get used to sth
    3 ( fingirse):

    ¿es bobo o se (lo) hace? (fam) is he stupid or just a good actor? (colloq);
    haciase pasar por algn (por periodista, doctor) to pass oneself off as sb
    4 ( moverse) (+ compl) to move;

    5
    ◊ hacerse de (AmL) (de fortuna, dinero) to get;


    ( de amigos) to make
    hacia preposición
    a) ( dirección) toward (esp AmE), towards (esp BrE):


    hacia adelante forward(s);
    hacia adentro/arriba inward(s)/upward(s);
    el centro queda hacia allá the center is (over) that way;
    ¿hacia dónde tenemos que ir? which way do we have to go?

    ◊ llegaremos hacia las dos we'll arrive toward(s) o at around two


    ◊ su actitud hacia mí his attitude toward(s) o to me

    hacer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (crear, fabricar, construir) to make
    hacer un jersey, to make a sweater
    hacer un puente, to build a bridge
    2 (una acción) to do: eso no se hace, it isn't done
    haz lo que quieras, do what you want
    ¿qué estás haciendo?, (en este momento) what are you doing?
    (para vivir) what do you do (for a living)?
    hace atletismo, he does athletics
    hacer una carrera/ medicina, to do a degree/ medicine
    3 (amigos, dinero) to make
    4 (obligar, forzar) to make: hazle entrar en razón, make him see reason
    5 (causar, provocar) to make: ese hombre me hace reír, that man makes me laugh
    estos zapatos me hacen daño, these shoes are hurting me
    no hagas llorar a tu hermana, don't make your sister cry
    6 (arreglar) to make
    hacer la cama, to make the bed
    hacer la casa, to do the housework
    7 Mat (sumar, dar como resultado) to make: y con éste hacen cincuenta, and that makes fifty
    8 (producir una impresión) to make... look: ese vestido la hace mayor, that dress makes her look older
    9 (en sustitución de otro verbo) to do: cuido mi jardín, me gusta hacerlo, I look after my garden, I like doing it
    10 (representar) to play: Juan hizo un papel en Fuenteovejuna, Juan played a part in Fuenteovejuna
    11 (actuar como) to play: no hagas el tonto, don't play the fool
    12 (suponer) te hacía en casa, I thought you were at home
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (en el teatro, etc) to play: hizo de Electra, she played Electra
    2 ( hacer por + infinitivo) to try to: hice por ayudar, I tried to help
    3 (simular) to pretend: hice como si no lo conociera, I acted as if I didn't know him
    4 fam (venir bien, convenir) to be suitable: si te hace, nos vamos a verle mañana, if it's all right for you, we'll visit him tomorrow
    III verbo impersonal
    1 (tiempo transcurrido) ago: hace mucho (tiempo), a long time ago
    hace tres semanas que no veo la televisión, I haven't watched TV for three weeks
    hace tres años que comenzaron las obras, the building works started three years ago
    2 (condición atmosférica) hacía mucho frío, it was very cold
    ¿To make o to do?
    El significado básico del verbo to make es construir, fabricar algo juntando los componentes (aquí hacen unos pasteles maravillosos, they make marvellous cakes here), obligar (hazle callar, make him shut up) o convertir: Te hará más fuerte. It'll make you stronger. También se emplea en expresiones compuestas por palabras tales como dinero ( money), ruido ( a noise), cama ( the bed), esfuerzo ( an effort), promesa ( a promise), c omentario ( a comment), amor ( love), guerra ( war).
    El significado del verbo to do es cumplir o ejecutar una tarea o actividad, especialmente tratándose de los deportes y las tareas domésticas: Hago mis deberes por la noche. I do my homework in the evening. ¿Quién hace la plancha en tu casa? Who does the ironing in your house? También se emplea con palabras tales como deber ( duty), deportes ( sports), examen ( an exam), favor ( a favour), sumas ( sums).
    hacia preposición
    1 (en dirección a) towards, to
    hacia abajo, down, downwards
    hacia adelante, forwards
    hacia arriba, up, upwards
    hacia atrás, back, backwards
    2 (en torno a) at about, at around: estaré allí hacia las cinco, I'll be there at about five o'clock
    ' hacia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abajo
    - abalanzarse
    - aire
    - añales
    - animadversión
    - arriba
    - atrás
    - calor
    - contingente
    - correrse
    - delante
    - derivar
    - descender
    - desprecio
    - dirigir
    - dirigirse
    - empañar
    - empujar
    - encaminarse
    - enfilar
    - fogosidad
    - frente
    - fuera
    - hacer
    - infundio
    - invencible
    - llevar
    - malsana
    - malsano
    - monetaria
    - monetario
    - orientar
    - orientarse
    - proyectar
    - que
    - recta
    - recto
    - retroceder
    - saber
    - siglo
    - sobre
    - subir
    - sur
    - tambalearse
    - tirar
    - volver
    - volverse
    - abatible
    - adelante
    - boca
    English:
    ahead
    - aim
    - antagonism
    - antipathy
    - ashore
    - at
    - back
    - backward
    - backwards
    - beat down
    - beeline
    - bent
    - bias
    - boost
    - care for
    - come forward
    - cool
    - crowd
    - cruelty
    - curve
    - deflect
    - disdain
    - dislike
    - dispose
    - disregard
    - doubtless
    - down
    - downstairs
    - downward
    - downwards
    - due
    - East
    - eastward
    - eastwards
    - extend
    - face
    - facing
    - fast forward
    - flash
    - flippant
    - floodlight
    - for
    - forward
    - glance down
    - go
    - guise
    - head
    - home in
    - ill-disposed
    - incline
    * * *
    hacia prep
    1. [dirección] towards;
    hacia aquí/allí this/that way;
    hacia abajo downwards;
    hacia arriba upwards;
    hacia adelante forwards;
    hacia atrás backwards;
    hacia la izquierda/derecha to the left/right;
    viajar hacia el norte to travel north;
    hacia el norte del país towards the north of the country;
    miró hacia el otro lado she looked the other way;
    muévete hacia un lado move to one side
    2. [tiempo] around, about;
    hacia las diez around o about ten o'clock;
    empezó a perder la vista hacia los sesenta años he started to lose his sight at around the age of sixty;
    hacia finales de año towards the end of the year
    3. [sentimiento] towards;
    siente hostilidad hacia las reformas he is hostile towards the reforms;
    su actitud hacia el trabajo es muy seria she has a very serious attitude towards her work, she takes her work very seriously
    4. [tendencia] towards;
    este año se marcha hacia una cosecha excepcional we are heading for a bumper crop this year;
    un paso más hacia la guerra civil a further step towards civil war
    * * *
    prp
    1 en el espacio toward;
    hacia adelante forward;
    hacia atrás back(ward);
    hacia aquí in this direction, this way
    2 en el tiempo
    :
    hacia las cuatro about four (o’clock)
    * * *
    hacia prep
    1) : toward, towards
    hacia abajo: downward
    hacia adelante: forward
    2) : near, around, about
    hacia las seis: about six o'clock
    * * *
    hacia prep
    1. (dirección) towards
    2. (tiempo) at about

    Spanish-English dictionary > hacia

  • 8 giù

    down
    ( sotto) below
    ( da basso) downstairs
    andar giù go down
    fig non mi va giù it sticks in my throat
    fig essere giù be down or depressed
    di salute be run down
    mandar giù swallow ( also fig)
    un po' più in giù a bit lower down
    su e giù up and down
    da Roma in giù south of Rome
    * * *
    giù avv.
    1 (moto, direzione) down; (dabbasso, al piano inferiore) downstairs: puoi venire giù un momento?, can you come down (o downstairs) a moment?; vado giù a prendere il giornale, I'm going down for a newspaper; andate giù in treno o in macchina?, are you going down by train or (by) car?; scendi giù subito da quella scala!, come down from that ladder at once!; metti giù quel coltello!, put that knife down!; devo portare giù le valigie?, shall I bring the cases down (o downstairs)?; buttami giù la chiave per favore!, throw the key down to me, please!; potresti tirarmi giù quel libro dallo scaffale?, could you get that book down from the shelf for me?; l'ho mandato giù in cantina a prendere il vino, I've sent him down to the cellar to get the wine; il vento ha fatto cadere giù l'antenna, the wind has blown the aerial down; non osavo guardare giù da quell'altezza, I didn't dare to look down from that height; la pioggia veniva giù a fiumi, the rain came (o was coming) down in torrents; il prezzo della benzina non accenna ad andare giù, the price of petrol shows no sign of going down // non manda giù un boccone da due giorni, he hasn't eaten a thing (o he hasn't had a bite to eat) for two days // su e giù, up and down; (avanti e indietro) to and fro: correre su e giù per le scale, to run up and down the stairs; camminava nervosamente su e giù per il corridoio, he paced nervously up and down the corridor; è un periodo che continua ad andare su e giù da Roma a Milano, he keeps having to go to and fro between Rome and Milan at the moment // giù per, down: giù per la collina, down the hill; presa dal panico, si precipitò giù per le scale, she rushed downstairs in a panic; i capelli le scendevano (giù) sulle spalle, her hair flowed over her shoulders (o down her back) // Con uso rafforzativo: la pineta si estendeva giù giù fino in fondo valle, the pinewood stretched all the way down to the bottom of the valley; studieremo il pensiero dei maggiori filosofi da Aristotele giù giù fino a Cartesio, we shall study the major philosophers from Aristotle (all the way) down to Descartes
    2 (posizione, situazione) down (anche fig.); (al piano inferiore) downstairs: il taxi è giù che aspetta, the taxi is waiting for you downstairs (o down below); i bambini sono giù a giocare in giardino, the children are playing down in the garden; c'era un mucchio di gente giù nella piazza, there were heaps of people down in the square; i calzini sono giù nell'ultimo cassetto, the socks are down in the bottom drawer; ''Volete salire?'' ''No, grazie, ti aspettiamo giù'', ''Would you like to come up?'' ''No, thanks, we'll wait for you downstairs''; ''Sa dirmi dov'è la fermata dell'autobus?'' ''é giù in fondo a questa strada'', ''Can you tell me where the bus stop is?'' ''It's down at the end of this street''; qui c'è l'albergo; un po' più giù c'è l'ufficio postale, the hotel's here, and the post office is a bit further down; a causa dello sciopero, molti negozi avevano le saracinesche giù, on account of the strike many of the shops had their shutters down
    3 in giù, down, downward (s) (anche fig.): guardare in giù, to look down (wards); è caduto a testa in giù, he fell head downward (s); il cadavere giaceva a faccia in giù sul pavimento, the corpse lay face downwards on the floor; era tutto fradicio dalle ginocchia in giù, he was wet through from the knees down (wards); sono tutti ragazzi dai 13 anni in giù, they are all aged from 13 downward (s); il traffico è scorrevole solo da Firenze in giù, the traffic's moving smoothly only from Florence down (wards); la norma si applica a tutto il personale, dal più alto dirigente in giù, the rule applies to all staff, from the managing director down.
    ◆ FRASEOLOGIA: giù!, (a cuccia!) down!; giù le mani!, hands off!; giù la maschera!, come clean! (o tell the truth!) // e giù botte!, what a hiding! // e giù acqua!, (di pioggia a dirotto) what a downpour! // la cosa non mi va giù, non la mando giù, I won't stand for it! // su per giù, giù di lì, more or less: avrà su per giù trent'anni, she must be more or less thirty; saranno state un centinaio di persone o giù di lì, there must have been about a hundred people; da qui alla stazione ci sarà un chilometro o giù di lì, from here to the station it must be about half a mile // giù da quelle parti, somewhere round there // avere giù la voce, to have lost one's voice // essere giù di morale, to be depressed, (fam.) to be down in the dumps // Per andare giù, buttare giù, mandare giù ecc. → anche andare, buttare, mandare ecc.
    * * *
    [dʒu]
    1) (in basso) down

    tirare giù qcs. — to pull down sth.

    2) (sotto) downstairs
    4) in giù down(wards)

    a testa in giù — [cadere, tuffarsi] face downwards

    giù per la collina, le scale — down the hill, the stairs

    6) giù di lì thereabouts, more or less
    7) su e giù (in alto e in basso) up and down; (avanti e indietro) up and down, to and fro

    andare su e giù per il corridoio — to pace o walk up and down the corridor

    ••

    giù le mani o le zampe colloq.! get your hands off me! giù la maschera! no more pretending now! e giù botte then all hell let loose o broke out; essere giù di morale o di corda to feel down o low o down-in-the-mouth; ci va giù deciso — (a parole) he doesn't pull his punches; (coi fatti) he doesn't do things by halves

    * * *
    giù
    /dʒu/
     1 (in basso) down; tirare giù qcs. to pull down sth.; più giù further down
     2 (sotto) downstairs; abita un piano più giù he lives a floor below; il vino è giù in cantina the wine is down in the cellar
     3 (come rafforzativo) dal primo giù giù fino all'ultimo from the first (down) to the last
     4 in giù down(wards); guardare in giù to look down(wards); dalla vita in giù from the waist down(wards); dai 5 anni in giù from 5 and under; a testa in giù [cadere, tuffarsi] face downwards
     5 giù per giù per la collina, le scale down the hill, the stairs
     6 giù di lì thereabouts, more or less; deve avere sessant'anni o giù di lì he must be about sixty
     7 su e giù (in alto e in basso) up and down; (avanti e indietro) up and down, to and fro; andare su e giù per il corridoio to pace o walk up and down the corridor
    giù le mani o le zampe colloq. get your hands off me! giù la maschera! no more pretending now! e giù botte then all hell let loose o broke out; essere giù di morale o di corda to feel down o low o down-in-the-mouth; ci va giù deciso (a parole) he doesn't pull his punches; (coi fatti) he doesn't do things by halves.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > giù

  • 9 གྱེན་རྒྱུ་

    [gyen rgyu]
    mouth and nose through which the wind passes upwards or downwards, faculty of speaking, upward moving energy, upward moving wind, assists speech, seat in chest, 1 of rlung lnga, prana which moves upward

    Tibetan-English dictionary > གྱེན་རྒྱུ་

  • 10 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 11 kopfüber

    Adv. head-first (auch fig.); sich kopfüber in die Arbeit stürzen fig. plunge headlong into one’s work
    * * *
    headlong; head over heels
    * * *
    kopf|über
    adv (lit, fig)
    headfirst, headlong
    * * *
    1) (with one's head in front or bent forward: He fell headfirst into a pool of water.) headfirst
    2) (moving forwards or downwards, with one's head in front: a headlong dive into the pool of water; He fell headlong into a pool of water.) headlong
    3) (turning over completely; headfirst: He fell head over heels into a pond.) head over heels
    * * *
    kopf·über
    [kɔpfˈʔy:bɐ]
    adv head first
    * * *
    Adverb head first; (fig.): (ohne Zögern) headlong
    * * *
    kopfüber adv head-first (auch fig);
    sich kopfüber in die Arbeit stürzen fig plunge headlong into one’s work
    * * *
    Adverb head first; (fig.): (ohne Zögern) headlong
    * * *
    adj.
    headlong adj. adv.
    head first adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > kopfüber

  • 12 ཐུར་སེལ་

    [thur sel]
    the downwards-moving one, downward-voiding wind, corresponds to eliminative and reproductive system, purgation, clears downward passage, cause of excrement, downward clearing energy or wind, assists secretion, seat in genital center, 1 of rlung lnga, prana which purifies downward

    Tibetan-English dictionary > ཐུར་སེལ་

  • 13 поток

    blast, circulation строит., current, effluent, flood, flow, flux, moving stream, stream, streamflow, streaming
    * * *
    пото́к м.
    1. ( течение) flow, stream
    вверх по пото́ку — upstream
    возмуща́ть пото́к — disturb the flow [the stream]
    пото́к восхо́дит — the stream flows [moves] upwards, the stream ascends
    пото́к достига́ет крити́ческого режи́ма гидр. — the flow chokes
    ни́же по пото́ку — downstream
    пото́к нисхо́дит — the stream flows [moves] downwards; the stream descends
    пото́к па́дает (на пове́рхность) — the stream is incident (on a surface)
    перекрыва́ть пото́к (напр. расплавленного металла, стекла) [m2]на вы́ходе из пе́чи — dam the (out)flow
    пото́к ( в реакторе) [m2]проска́льзывает — хим. the stream short-circuits
    пото́к раздва́ивается — the flow bifurcates, the flow is divided between two paths
    свя́зывать пото́ки — couple (the) flows
    со стороны́ набега́ющего пото́ка аргд. — windward
    срыва́ть пото́к аргд. — stall the flow
    сужа́ть [ущемля́ть] пото́к — constrict [restrict] the flow
    2. (количество вещества, энергии и т. п., протекающее за единицу времени) физ. flux
    захва́тывать, напр. магни́тный пото́к — trap, e. g., the magnetic flux
    3. ( движения) трансп. traffic
    адиабати́ческий пото́к — adiabatic flow
    безвихрево́й пото́к
    1. физ. nonedding [noncirculatory, irrotational] flow
    2. ав. clean flow
    безнапо́рный пото́к гидр. — gravity [free-surface] flow
    пото́к ве́ктора — flux of a vector, vector flux
    вихрево́й пото́к — eddy [vortex] flow
    пото́к в котлоагрега́те — circuit
    пото́к во́здуха — air flow, air current, air stream
    восходя́щий пото́к — ascending [upward] current
    вытека́ющий пото́к — outward flow, outflow
    пото́к вытесне́ния хим. — plug flow
    выходя́щий пото́к хим. — exit stream
    вя́зкий пото́к — frictional flow
    гиперзвуково́й пото́к — hypersonic flow
    двои́чный пото́к — binary stream
    двухни́точный пото́к тепл. — double-circuit flow
    дозвуково́й пото́к — subsonic flow
    пото́к за винто́м, возду́шный — slip stream
    запылё́нный пото́к — dust-laden flow
    заторможё́нный пото́к — stagnated flow
    пото́к излуче́ния — flux of radiation, radiation flux
    изотерми́ческий пото́к — isothermal flow
    пото́к и́мпульса — momentum flux, flux of momentum
    кольцево́й пото́к — annular flow
    конвекцио́нный пото́к — convection current, convective flow
    ламина́рный пото́к — laminar flow
    магни́тный пото́к — magnetic flux, magnetic induction
    магни́тный пото́к спада́ет — the magnetic flux collapses [decays]
    магни́тный пото́к сцепля́ет [прони́зывает] индукти́вность колеба́тельного ко́нтура — the magnetic flux links the tuned-circuit coil
    невихрево́й пото́к — potential flow
    нисходя́щий пото́к — descending [downward] current
    основно́й пото́к
    1. main flow
    2. (напр. газа в химическом реакторе) bulk stream
    по́лный пото́к — ( количество) total flow; ( скорость изменения количества) total flux
    поршнево́й пото́к — plug flow
    пото́к Пуассо́на ( в теории трафика) — Poisson input(s), Poisson arrival(s)
    пото́к рассе́яния — leakage flux
    сверхзвуково́й пото́к — supersonic flow
    сверхкрити́ческий пото́к — supercritical flow
    светово́й пото́к — luminous [light] flux
    свобо́дный пото́к — free [unrestricted] flow, free stream
    пото́к смеще́ния — displacement flux
    стру́йный пото́к — jet flow
    теплово́й пото́к — ( количество) heat flow; ( скорость теплопередачи) heat flux, rate of heat flow
    тра́нспортный пото́к — traffic [transportation] flow
    пото́к тре́бований, входя́щий ( в теории массового обслуживания) — input (process), arrival of units, arriving units, arrivals
    турбуле́нтный пото́к — turbulent flow
    циркуляцио́нный пото́к — circulating flow; хим. recycle
    пото́к че́рез систе́му обслу́живания ( в теории массового обслуживания) — traffic (of units flowing) through a waiting system
    пото́к эне́ргии — energy flux
    пото́к я́коря эл. — armature flux

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > поток

  • 14 headlong

    adjective, adverb
    1) moving forwards or downwards, with one's head in front:

    He fell headlong into a pool of water.

    رأسيّا، باتجاه الرأس
    2) (done) without thought or delay, often foolishly:

    He rushes headlong into disaster.

    بِتَهَوُّر، بانْدِفاع

    Arabic-English dictionary > headlong

  • 15 over

    [ˈəuvə]
    1. preposition
    1) higher than; above in position, number, authority etc:

    He's over 90 years old.

    فَوْق
    2) from one side to another, on or above the top of; on the other side of:

    My friend lives over the street.

    فَوْق، في أعْلى، في الجِهَة الأخْرى
    3) covering:

    He put his handkerchief over his face.

    فوْقَ، على
    4) across:

    You find people like him all over the world.

    في كُل أنْحاء
    5) about:

    a quarrel over money.

    عَلى ، حَوْل
    6) by means of:

    He spoke to her over the telephone.

    بِواسِطَة
    7) during:

    Over the years, she grew to hate her husband.

    خِلال، عَلى مَر

    He fell asleep over his dinner.

    أثْناء، خِلال
    2. adverb
    1) higher, moving etc above:

    The plane flew over about an hour ago.

    فَوْق
    2) used to show movement, change of position:

    He turned over the page.

    تُشير إلى حَرَكة الفِعْل: فَوْقَ
    3) across:

    He went over and spoke to them.

    عَبْرَ: إلى الجِهَةِ الأُخْرى
    4) downwards:

    He fell over.

    إلى أسْفَل

    for people aged twenty and over.

    أعْلى: تُشير إلى العَدَد
    6) remaining:

    There are two cakes for each of us, and two over.

    باقٍ
    7) through from beginning to end, carefully:

    Talk it over between you.

    من البِدايَة حَتّى النِّهايَه
    3. adjective
    finished:

    The affair is over now.

    مُنْتَهٍ
    4. noun
    (in cricket) a certain number of balls bowled from one end of the wicket:

    He bowled thirty overs in the match.

    ضَرْبَةُ في لُعْبَة الكريكيت
    1) too (much), as in overdo.
    2) in a higher position, as in overhead.
    3) covering, as in overcoat.
    من فوق، يُغطّي
    4) down from an upright position, as in overturn.
    مقلوب
    5) completely, as in overcome.
    كليًّا

    Arabic-English dictionary > over

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